might expect. Then, in the chromosphere, 500 to 2,100 kilometers above the solar surface, temperatures unexpectedly begin to increase. And in the corona they rise dramatically, quickly reaching millions of degrees. To explain this behavior, astronomers believe that energy is injected into the upper solar atmosphere by means other than those that explain emission from the lower atmosphere.
Solar winds in the corona, which are generated by electrons and protons moving outward at hun- dreds of kilometers per second, interfere with the EarthΓÇÖs magnetic field and cause the atmospheric phenomena known as the northern and southern lights. The solar wind also influences the interplanetary environment and is responsible for
